ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, both transcription and translation. First, DNA undergoes transcription to produce mRNA, which carries the genetic information. Then, during translation, mRNA is used by ribosomes to synthesize proteins. Replication (A) is the process of copying DNA, not directly related to protein synthesis. Transcription (B) is the step where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. Translation (C) is the process where mRNA is translated into proteins. Therefore, both transcription and translation are essential steps in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the main function of the pancreas is to produce enzymes that help digest food. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas does not store or break down food. Choice B is incorrect as nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as regulating blood sugar levels is primarily the role of the endocrine portion of the pancreas, not its main function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: One layer. Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells. This arrangement allows for efficient diffusion and absorption due to the short distance between cells and the underlying tissues. Option A is incorrect because epithelial tissue always has at least one layer. Option C is incorrect as it describes stratified epithelium, which has two or more layers. Option D is incorrect as it refers to stratified squamous epithelium, not simple epithelium.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It runs 3' to 5'. The antisense strand of DNA runs in the opposite direction to the sense strand. This is essential for complementary base pairing during transcription. The 3' to 5' direction allows RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA in the 5' to 3' direction, following the template of the antisense strand. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect because the directionality of the antisense strand is opposite to 5' to 3' and it is used in transcription, not replication. Choice D is incorrect as DNA is stored in the cell nucleus in a double helix structure, not in a specific direction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system due to its large surface area, specialized structures called villi, and microvilli that maximize absorption efficiency. Digestive enzymes and bile are also released in the small intestine to break down nutrients for absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the esophagus is responsible for swallowing, the large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, and the stomach primarily functions in digestion by secreting gastric juices.