ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Cytosol is the liquid component of the cytoplasm and is not membrane-bound. Mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle responsible for energy production. Therefore, the difference between cytosol and mitochondrion is that the mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle, while cytosol is not. Summary: A: Incorrect. Cytosol is not a membrane-bound organelle, and the mitochondrion is also not membrane-bound. B: Incorrect. Cytosol is part of the cytoplasm, and the mitochondrion is also located within the cytoplasm. C: Correct. The mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle, while cytosol is not. D: Incorrect. Both the mitochondrion and cytosol are components of the cytoplasm, but the mitochondrion is membrane-bound, unlike cytosol.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitosis. Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves several distinct phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the genetic material is equally distributed between the two daughter cells, ensuring genetic continuity. Explanation of other choices: A: Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. C: Fission is a general term for any process of cell division, which can refer to both mitosis and binary fission. D: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, where the cell divides into two equal parts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dependent, y. In experimental design, the dependent variable is the variable being measured as a possible effect, and it is typically plotted on the y-axis of a graph. This variable is what researchers are observing or testing to see if it changes in response to the manipulation of the independent variable. The independent variable, on the other hand, is what is being manipulated or controlled in the experiment and is usually plotted on the x-axis. Therefore, in a standard experimental design setup, the dependent variable is represented on the y-axis to show the relationship between it and the independent variable on the x-axis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the conventional practice of plotting the dependent variable on the y-axis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Sunscreen protects the skin by absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat. This process prevents the UV rays from penetrating the skin and causing damage. Reflecting UV rays (A) would not be as effective as absorbing them. Blocking UV rays completely (C) is not possible with sunscreen. Stimulating melanin production (D) is not the main mechanism of how sunscreen works to protect the skin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Penicillins. Penicillins target the cell wall of bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a crucial component of the bacterial cell wall. This disrupts the integrity of the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Tetracyclines (B), Macrolides (C), and Fluoroquinolones (D) target different bacterial components like protein synthesis or DNA replication, making them incorrect choices for this question.