Pediatric Practice Exam HESI

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In congenital hypothyroidism, infants often experience lethargy and difficulty staying awake due to low thyroid hormone levels. Choice A is incorrect as hypothyroidism can lead to poor growth in infants. Choice B is incorrect because hypothyroidism can cause decreased activity levels and lethargy rather than being active and playful. Choice C is incorrect as hypothyroidism can result in dry skin and poor skin tone, not necessarily pink and healthy-looking skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a severe asthma attack, the child is likely to develop respiratory acidosis. This occurs due to impaired respirations, leading to the retention of carbon dioxide and the formation of carbonic acid. Choice A is incorrect as metabolic alkalosis is not expected in this situation. Choice B is incorrect as respiratory alkalosis does not align with the scenario of impaired respirations in severe asthma attacks. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes metabolic acidosis, which is not typically associated with severe asthma attacks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. It is essential for both parents to inform the child about the divorce together, using age-appropriate language. This approach can help minimize the negative impact on the child by providing a sense of unity and understanding. Choice B is incorrect because offering false reassurance about love may not address the child's concerns effectively, as the situation is complex. Choice C is not suitable as engaging in special activities cannot substitute for the emotional stability that the child may lose due to the divorce. Choice D is incorrect because sharing the parent's feelings may burden the child with adult emotions, which could be overwhelming and confusing for their developmental stage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia receiving chemotherapy is monitoring for signs of infection. Chemotherapy can suppress the immune system, putting the child at a higher risk of developing infections. Early detection of signs of infection is crucial to prevent serious complications and initiate timely treatment. Providing nutritional support is important for overall health but is not the priority when the child is at risk of infection. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is essential, but infection surveillance takes precedence due to the immediate threat it poses to the child's health. Monitoring for signs of pain is important for comfort but is not the priority over infection prevention and management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct approach for a child with a mild airway obstruction, respiratory distress, and normal skin color includes providing oxygen to support breathing, avoiding agitation that could worsen the situation, and arranging for transport to a healthcare facility. Option A is incorrect because abdominal thrusts are not recommended in a mild airway obstruction scenario, and back blows are typically used for choking. Option C is incorrect because assisting ventilations may not be necessary in a child with a strong cough and normal skin color. Option D is incorrect because chest thrusts are not recommended for a mild airway obstruction, and finger sweeps are used for foreign body airway obstructions.