Pediatric HESI 2024

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ensuring adequate hydration is crucial during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia as it helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood and prevent further sickling of the cells. While administering oxygen may be necessary in some cases, ensuring hydration takes precedence as it directly impacts the underlying pathophysiology of the crisis. Monitoring vital signs is important for ongoing assessment but does not directly address the crisis as hydration does. Administering pain medication is important for pain relief but does not address the primary issue of vaso-occlusion and is not the most crucial intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct way to prevent tinea pedis is by keeping the feet dry, especially between the toes, to decrease the risk of fungal infection. Choice A is incorrect as keeping the feet moist can promote fungal growth. Choice C is incorrect because nylon or synthetic socks can trap moisture, contributing to the growth of fungi. Choice D is incorrect as going barefoot in public, especially in areas like locker rooms, increases the risk of contracting tinea pedis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Petechiae, infection, and fatigue are common signs and symptoms of leukemia related to bone marrow involvement. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin due to low platelet counts. Infection susceptibility increases due to decreased white blood cells from compromised bone marrow function. Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia resulting from decreased red blood cell production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical signs and symptoms of leukemia associated with bone marrow dysfunction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The classification system of congenital heart defects into acyanotic or cyanotic defects is problematic because children with acyanotic heart defects may develop cyanosis, complicating the differentiation. Cyanosis can occur in some acyanotic defects due to various reasons such as right-to-left shunting or decreased pulmonary blood flow, making the classification based solely on cyanosis misleading. Choice A is incorrect because while the classification may involve hemodynamics, the main issue lies in the potential for acyanotic defects to develop cyanosis. Choice B is incorrect as the ease of identifying children with cyanotic defects does not address the main problem with the classification system. Choice C is also incorrect as the presence of cyanosis is not the only factor determining the classification's validity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: petechiae, infection, fatigue. In leukemia, bone marrow involvement leads to a decrease in normal blood cell production, resulting in petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin), increased susceptibility to infections due to decreased white blood cells, and fatigue from anemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the typical signs and symptoms of leukemia with bone marrow involvement. Headache, papilledema, irritability, muscle wasting, weight loss, decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion are not typically associated with leukemia and bone marrow involvement.