TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nephron. The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney because it is responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and producing urine. It consists of the glomerulus, tubules, and collecting ducts. The other choices, A: Neuron, C: Glomerulus, and D: Axon, are not correct as they do not perform the specific functions related to kidney physiology. Neurons are nerve cells, glomerulus is a part of the nephron, and axon is a part of a neuron.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scapula. Flat bones are thin, flattened bones that provide protection and allow for muscle attachment. The scapula fits this description as it is a thin, flat bone located on the back of the shoulder. The other choices (A: Femur, C: Humerus, D: Tibia) are long bones that are not thin and flat like flat bones. The femur, humerus, and tibia are all weight-bearing bones with a different shape and function compared to flat bones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To exchange gases. The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the external environment. This process occurs in the lungs through breathing, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. Absorbing nutrients (A) is the function of the digestive system, transporting oxygen (C) is part of the circulatory system's role, and regulating blood pressure (D) is primarily controlled by the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce bile. The liver produces bile, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile helps emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. A: To absorb water - This is not the primary function of the liver. Water absorption primarily occurs in the intestines. C: To store glucose - While the liver does store glucose in the form of glycogen, its primary function is not to store glucose. D: To regulate metabolism - While the liver does play a role in metabolism, its primary function in the digestive system is to produce bile.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Tidal volume (A) is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing, not maximum inhalation. Total lung capacity (B) is the total volume of air the lungs can hold at maximum inflation, including residual volume. Ventilation rate (C) refers to the number of breaths taken per minute, not the volume of air that can be expelled after maximum inhalation. In summary, vital capacity is the correct choice as it specifically represents the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation.