TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nephron. The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney because it is responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and producing urine. It consists of the glomerulus, tubules, and collecting ducts. The other choices, A: Neuron, C: Glomerulus, and D: Axon, are not correct as they do not perform the specific functions related to kidney physiology. Neurons are nerve cells, glomerulus is a part of the nephron, and axon is a part of a neuron.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inner mitochondrial membrane. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane because it is where the proteins and complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are located. This is where electrons are passed along the chain, leading to the production of ATP. The cytosol (choice A) is where glycolysis occurs, not the electron transport chain. The Golgi apparatus (choice B) is involved in protein processing and sorting, not energy production. The nucleus (choice D) houses the cell's genetic material and is not directly involved in the electron transport chain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scapula. Flat bones are thin, flattened bones that provide protection and allow for muscle attachment. The scapula fits this description as it is a thin, flat bone located on the back of the shoulder. The other choices (A: Femur, C: Humerus, D: Tibia) are long bones that are not thin and flat like flat bones. The femur, humerus, and tibia are all weight-bearing bones with a different shape and function compared to flat bones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Femur. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape, with the length exceeding the width. The femur, as the thigh bone, perfectly fits this description. It serves as a major weight-bearing bone and plays a crucial role in movement and support. Ribs and cranial bones (Choice B) belong to the category of flat bones. Sesamoid bones (Choice C) are small bones embedded within tendons. Vertebrae and hip bones (Choice D) are classified as irregular bones due to their complex shapes and structures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons, allowing for communication between neurons. They contain receptors that bind to neurotransmitters released by neighboring neurons. The axon (A) is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body. The synapse (C) is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released. The myelin sheath (D) is a protective covering that insulates the axon and speeds up signal transmission but does not receive signals from other neurons.