ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neuron. A neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system because it is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals within the nervous system. Neurons have three main parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the cell body processes these signals, and the axon transmits signals to other neurons or to muscles and glands. The other choices, A: Axon, C: Dendrite, and D: Synapse, are all components of a neuron but do not individually represent the complete functional unit of the nervous system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, indicating the atom's mass. The number of electrons is not directly related to either the atomic or mass number, eliminating choices B and D. Choice C is incorrect because the atomic number specifically refers to the number of protons, not neutrons. Thus, choice A is the only accurate explanation of the difference between the atomic number and the mass number.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Luteinizing hormone (LH). LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to release the egg. Estrogen and progesterone play important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle but are not the primary triggers for ovulation. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles but does not directly trigger ovulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Storing bile (A) is the role of the gallbladder, digesting proteins (C) is primarily done by the stomach and small intestine, and absorbing nutrients (D) mainly occurs in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The gravitational potential energy of an object is determined by its position relative to the ground. The higher the object is from the ground, the greater its gravitational potential energy. This is because the gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to the distance from the ground. Therefore, choice B, the distance from the ground, affects the gravitational potential energy of an object the most. Incorrect choices: A: The mass of the object does affect the gravitational potential energy, but it is not the most significant factor. C: The gravitational force affects the weight of an object but does not directly determine its gravitational potential energy. D: The shape of the object does not affect its gravitational potential energy; only the distance from the ground matters.