ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitosis. Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves several distinct phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the genetic material is equally distributed between the two daughter cells, ensuring genetic continuity. Explanation of other choices: A: Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. C: Fission is a general term for any process of cell division, which can refer to both mitosis and binary fission. D: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, where the cell divides into two equal parts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles. It is where many cellular processes occur. The nucleus (A) contains genetic material, not the organelles. The plasma membrane (C) is the cell's outer boundary, not the internal fluid. The Golgi apparatus (D) is an organelle involved in processing and packaging proteins, not the cell's fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is cytoplasm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the main function of the pancreas is to produce enzymes that help digest food. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas does not store or break down food. Choice B is incorrect as nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as regulating blood sugar levels is primarily the role of the endocrine portion of the pancreas, not its main function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: tRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. A: DNA carries genetic information but does not directly participate in protein synthesis. B: mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes but does not carry amino acids. C: rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes and helps in protein synthesis but does not carry amino acids to the ribosomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benzene. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon because it contains a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds. This delocalized electron system gives benzene its aromatic properties. A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not have the specific structure required for a compound to be classified as aromatic. Ethane (A) and propane (C) are alkanes with only single bonds, while butene (D) is an alkene with a double bond, none of which have the alternating single and double bonds characteristic of aromatic compounds like benzene.