Pediatric Practice Exam HESI

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Setting the water heater at 130 degrees is incorrect because water heaters should be set to no higher than 120 degrees to prevent scald burns. Choice A is correct as leaving fireworks displays to professionals reduces the risk of burns. Choice C is also correct as flame-retardant sleepwear reduces the risk of burn injuries. Choice D is correct as keeping pot handles facing inward prevents accidental spills and burns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located along the ventral surface of the penis, not the dorsal surface (Choice C) or absent (Choice A). This leads to the characteristic appearance of a ventrally displaced urethral meatus. The penis may appear normal in size but with the urethral opening positioned abnormally (Choice D), rather than being shorter than usual (Choice B). Therefore, the correct expectation for a newborn with hypospadias is that the urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis, making Choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority nursing responsibility is to protect the child from self-injury. Applying restraints (Choice A) can cause harm by restricting movement during the seizure. While administering oxygen (Choice B) may be necessary, it is not the immediate priority during an active seizure. Inserting a plastic airway (Choice D) is contraindicated as it can lead to injury and is not recommended during a seizure. Protecting the child from self-injury (Choice C) is crucial to prevent harm from uncontrolled movements and potential falls, ensuring the safety of the child.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterility. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as sterility, especially in adolescent males. Vaccination is essential to prevent this potential outcome. Hypopituitarism (Choice B) is not a typical complication of mumps. Choices C and D, decrease in libido and decrease in androgens, are not directly associated with mumps complications, particularly in the context of adolescents.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis would be 'Grieving related to the child's poor prognosis.' Trisomy 18 is associated with a poor prognosis, and families often experience feelings of grief and loss when dealing with such a diagnosis. The choice 'Interrupted family process' does not directly address the emotional response to the prognosis. 'Deficient knowledge' may be a concern but does not address the emotional aspect of dealing with a poor prognosis. 'Ineffective coping related to stress from providing care' focuses more on the caregiver's ability to cope rather than the family's response to the child's condition.