Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cell membranes. Mesosomes are internal extensions of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells. They are involved in cell division, DNA replication, and formation of respiratory enzymes. Choice A (Capsule) is incorrect because capsules are external structures surrounding the cell membrane. Choice C (Cell wall) is incorrect as mesosomes are not related to the cell wall, which provides structural support. Choice D (Chromatin body) is incorrect because chromatin bodies are found in eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic cells where mesosomes are present.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Macrophages are not found abundantly in the blood as they primarily reside in tissues. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the blood. Choice B is correct as macrophages are indeed larger than neutrophils. Choice C is correct as macrophages are long-lived cells. Choice D is correct as monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and differentiate into macrophages once they migrate to tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin, which plays a crucial role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle, making it responsible for maintaining the body's internal clock. The other choices are incorrect because the thyroid gland regulates metabolism (A), the pancreas regulates blood sugar levels (C), and the hypothalamus controls various bodily functions but is not directly responsible for maintaining the circadian rhythm (D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spinal cord. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system because it is located within the vertebral column and connects the brain to the rest of the body. It serves as a pathway for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral nerves (B) are not part of the central nervous system as they extend from the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. The brainstem (C) is also part of the central nervous system, but the question asks for a specific part, not a general one. The cerebellum (D) is located in the brain and is responsible for motor coordination, but it is not part of the central nervous system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body. This is the correct answer because abduction refers to a lateral movement away from the body's midline, such as when raising your arms sideways. Option B is incorrect because it describes flexion, which decreases the angle of a joint. Option C is incorrect as it describes extension, increasing the angle of a joint. Option D is also incorrect as it describes adduction, moving towards the body's midline.