ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Group 1. Alkali metals are located in Group 1 of the periodic table because they have one electron in their outermost shell, making them highly reactive. These elements include lithium, sodium, potassium, and others. Group 2 (Choice B) consists of alkaline earth metals, Group 7 (Choice C) consists of halogens, and Group 8 (Choice D) consists of noble gases. Alkali metals exhibit unique properties due to their single valence electron, distinguishing them from elements in the other groups mentioned.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because polygenic inheritance refers to a trait that is influenced by multiple genes working together to produce a single phenotype. In contrast, pleiotropy occurs when a single gene has multiple effects on different traits. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the difference in the genetic basis of these phenomena. The other choices are incorrect because they either misinterpret the definitions of polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy (B and C) or provide vague statements without accurately distinguishing between the two concepts (D). The key to selecting the correct answer lies in understanding the fundamental genetic mechanisms underlying polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein is the only blood vessel among the choices that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. The pulmonary artery (B) carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The aorta (C) carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The vena cava (D) carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Therefore, the pulmonary vein is the only blood vessel in the list that fits the description of carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune function by regulating the expression of genes involved in immune response. It helps in the production of antimicrobial peptides that defend against pathogens. Vitamin A is important for vision and skin health, not directly related to immune function. Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function and red blood cell production. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage but does not have a direct role in immune function. Therefore, the correct choice is Vitamin D as it directly supports immune system function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Penicillins. Penicillins target the cell wall of bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a crucial component of the bacterial cell wall. This disrupts the integrity of the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Tetracyclines (B), Macrolides (C), and Fluoroquinolones (D) target different bacterial components like protein synthesis or DNA replication, making them incorrect choices for this question.