HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. What is the priority need that must be included in the nursing plan of care for this child?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Rest. When a child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, the priority need in the nursing plan of care is to ensure adequate rest for the child. Rest is crucial as it allows the child's body to fight the infection and recover. Choice B, Exercise, is incorrect as strenuous physical activity may further strain the child's respiratory system. Choice C, Nutrition, is important but providing rest takes precedence initially. Choice D, Elimination, is not the priority concern in this scenario compared to ensuring rest for recovery from pneumonia.
Question 2 of 5
A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to apply topical corticosteroids as prescribed. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can be managed with topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching. While avoiding triggers that cause flare-ups is important in managing atopic dermatitis, the primary treatment approach involves using prescribed medications like corticosteroids. Using a soft toothbrush for oral care and avoiding contact with sick individuals are not directly related to managing atopic dermatitis and are not the priority discharge teachings in this case.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for an infant with phenylketonuria (PKU). What diet should the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the health care provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is required for infants with PKU to prevent the buildup of phenylalanine, which can lead to brain damage.
Question 4 of 5
A child with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a child with nephrotic syndrome, it is crucial to avoid foods high in salt to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Excessive salt intake can lead to fluid retention and exacerbate edema, which are common issues in nephrotic syndrome. Encouraging a high-protein diet (Choice A) may put additional strain on the kidneys and worsen the condition. While protein restriction is sometimes needed, it is not the primary dietary concern in nephrotic syndrome. Similarly, a low-protein diet (Choice D) is not typically recommended as it may lead to malnutrition in children. Although a low-sodium diet (Choice C) may sound similar to avoiding foods high in salt, the emphasis should be on reducing salt intake specifically, rather than a generalized low-sodium approach.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected pertussis. What clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Severe coughing spells. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, typically presents with severe coughing spells that can be followed by a characteristic 'whoop' sound. These coughing fits can be intense and prolonged, often causing the child to gasp for air between coughs. Option A, dry hacking cough, is a common symptom of other respiratory conditions like bronchitis. Option B, inspiratory stridor, is more commonly associated with conditions like croup. Option C, nasal congestion, is not a typical symptom of pertussis.
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