HESI A2
HESI A2 Version 1 Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Where in the human body are most nutrients absorbed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following hormones are tropic hormones? (Select one that doesn't apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tropic hormones are hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones from target endocrine glands. Somatotropin (A) is growth hormone from the anterior pituitary that acts directly on tissues. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (D) are tropic hormones that act on the gonads and thyroid gland, respectively, to stimulate the production of other hormones. Antidiuretic hormone (C) is not a tropic hormone; it regulates water balance by acting on the kidneys to reduce water excretion.
Question 3 of 5
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.
Question 4 of 5
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid gland is located in the neck. It consists of four small glands situated behind the thyroid gland. These glands play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. The correct anatomical location of the parathyroid gland is in the neck, specifically behind the thyroid gland, making choice A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An adult typically inhales around 500 mL of air in an average breath. This volume is known as tidal volume, representing the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Tidal volume plays a crucial role in efficient gas exchange in the lungs and maintaining adequate oxygen levels in the body. It is essential for proper respiratory function and ensuring the body receives the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration and overall metabolism.