HESI A2
HESI A2 Version 1 Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.
Question 2 of 5
Which stratum of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Question 3 of 5
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.
Question 4 of 5
What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, exerting control over processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Glands are structures that secrete substances like hormones. Second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction pathways, amplifying and transmitting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
Question 5 of 5
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell specialized in producing and secreting antibodies. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are vital components of the immune system that help recognize and neutralize pathogens. When the body encounters an antigen, plasma cells are activated to produce and secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Therefore, plasma cells are the correct answer as they are specifically designed to produce and secrete antibodies to fight infections.