ATI TEAS Science Questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The recessive phenotype appears when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. In this case, the recessive allele is marked with 'a.' Therefore, the genotype 'aa' would display the recessive phenotype as both alleles are recessive. Choice A (AA) has two dominant alleles, choice C (Aa) has one dominant and one recessive allele, and choice D (aA) represents the same genotype as Aa due to the principle of allele dominance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Totipotent stem cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type, including forming an entire organism. These cells have the highest potency level and can give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic cell types, allowing them to develop into a complete organism. Multipotent stem cells (Choice B) can differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a specific tissue or organ. Pluripotent stem cells (Choice C) can differentiate into any cell type in the body except for those needed to support and develop a fetus. Hematopoietic stem cells (Choice D) are a type of multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into various blood cell types.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum. The small intestine is divided into three regions: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the initial segment where most chemical digestion takes place. The jejunum and ileum follow the duodenum and are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption. Choice A is incorrect because the order is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the cecum is part of the large intestine, not the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because the colon is part of the large intestine, not the small intestine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The corrected answer is D, 'All of the above.' The urinary system performs multiple essential functions to maintain the body's internal environment. Synthesizing calcitriol and secreting erythropoietin are crucial roles of the kidneys. Regulating the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and other ions helps in maintaining the electrolyte balance. Reabsorbing or secreting hydrogen ions and bicarbonate is vital for managing the body's acid-base balance. Furthermore, the urinary system is involved in detecting reductions in blood volume and pressure, aiding in the maintenance of blood pressure levels and fluid balance in the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neck. A pivot joint, as found in the neck, allows for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint is essential for movements like shaking your head 'no' or looking left and right. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, not just rotational movement around a single axis like a pivot joint.