ATI TEAS Practice Science Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because rugae increase the surface area of the stomach, allowing for better absorption of nutrients and more efficient digestion. This increased surface area facilitates the breakdown of food particles and enhances the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The other choices are incorrect because rugae do not directly impact the output of gastric juices (A), permeability of stomach walls (C), or types of nutrients that can diffuse (D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (18). Ossification at the growth plate occurs during adolescence when bones undergo rapid growth and development. At around age 18, the growth plates begin to close as bone growth slows down, leading to ossification replacing cartilage. At age 5 (A), the growth plates are still actively contributing to bone growth. At age 42 (C) and 91 (D), ossification is more likely related to aging processes and repair rather than growth plate replacement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shaft. The shaft is the portion of the hair that is visible above the skin's surface and is not attached to the follicle. The bulb (A) is the base of the hair follicle where the hair root (B) is located and is attached to the follicle. The strand (D) refers to the entire hair structure, including the bulb, root, and shaft. Therefore, the shaft is the only part that is not physically connected to the follicle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flagellum. Cells rely on flagella for movement because flagella are whip-like structures that enable cells to propel themselves through fluid environments. Flagella are composed of microtubules, which provide structural support and enable movement through their bending and contracting motion. Microtubules alone (B) do not facilitate movement; they serve as a scaffold within cells. Pili (C) are short, hair-like structures used for attachment rather than movement. Vesicles (D) are membrane-bound sacs involved in transportation within cells, not in cell movement. Therefore, flagellum is the most suitable structure for cellular movement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The impaired posterior pituitary gland leads to decreased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in the inability to concentrate urine. This causes the patient to excrete large volumes of dilute urine. Thirst (choice A) is a symptom of diabetes insipidus, a condition related to ADH deficiency. Tiredness (choice B) and weight gain (choice C) are not directly associated with impaired posterior pituitary function. Thus, choice D, concentrated urine, is the correct symptom related to kidney function in this scenario.