ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the heart, allowing it to contract rhythmically and involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body. Smooth muscle (A) is found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, not in the heart. Skeletal muscle (C) is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, while voluntary muscle (D) is a general term that refers to skeletal muscle controlled voluntarily. Therefore, the unique characteristics of cardiac muscle make it the correct answer for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchitis. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi, leading to symptoms like cough and mucus production. Pneumonia (A) is an infection in the lungs, not specifically inflammation of the bronchi. Emphysema (C) is a chronic lung condition characterized by damaged air sacs in the lungs, not bronchial inflammation. Pleurisy (D) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, not the bronchi. Therefore, based on the symptoms described, bronchitis is the most suitable term for inflammation of the bronchi.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air in the lungs and the blood. Oxygen from the air enters the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood exits into the air. Trachea (A) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs. Bronchi (C) are the main airways that branch off from the trachea. Diaphragm (D) is a muscle that helps with breathing by expanding and contracting the lungs, but it is not directly involved in gas exchange.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: tRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. A: DNA carries genetic information but does not directly participate in protein synthesis. B: mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes but does not carry amino acids. C: rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes and helps in protein synthesis but does not carry amino acids to the ribosomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Axon. The axon is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles. It is a long, slender projection of the neuron that carries electrical impulses known as action potentials. The axon is covered by the myelin sheath, which helps to speed up the transmission of signals. Summary: - B: Dendrite receives signals from other neurons and transmits them towards the cell body. - C: Synapse is the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate signals. - D: Myelin sheath insulates and speeds up signal transmission along the axon, but it is not responsible for transmitting signals itself.