ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses in the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites to receive signals, an axon to transmit signals, and synaptic terminals to communicate with other neurons. The axon is the long fiber that carries the electrical impulses away from the cell body. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up signal transmission along the axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Therefore, the neuron is the fundamental structure responsible for transmitting electrical impulses, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the main function of the pancreas is to produce enzymes that help digest food. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas does not store or break down food. Choice B is incorrect as nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as regulating blood sugar levels is primarily the role of the endocrine portion of the pancreas, not its main function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stapes. The stapes is the smallest bone in the human body, located in the middle ear. It plays a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear. The other choices are incorrect because the patella is a knee bone, phalanges are finger bones, and ribs are chest bones, none of which are the smallest bone in the body. The stapes' small size and specific location make it uniquely suited for its function in hearing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Total lung capacity. Total lung capacity is the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It includes all the volumes within the lungs, such as tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. It is the sum of vital capacity and residual volume. Inspiratory capacity (A) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. Tidal volume (B) is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity (D) is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lactic acid. When creatine phosphate is used as an energy source for short bursts of muscle activity, it is rapidly broken down into creatine and phosphate. The breakdown of creatine phosphate leads to the production of lactic acid through anaerobic glycolysis. Lactic acid accumulation causes muscle fatigue during intense exercise. A: Glucose is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Glucose is a common fuel for cellular respiration but is not directly produced from creatine phosphate breakdown. C: Carbon dioxide is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Carbon dioxide is produced during the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration, not from the breakdown of creatine phosphate. D: Creatine is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Creatine is one of the compounds formed when creatine phosphate is broken down, but it is not the final breakdown product.