ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses in the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites to receive signals, an axon to transmit signals, and synaptic terminals to communicate with other neurons. The axon is the long fiber that carries the electrical impulses away from the cell body. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up signal transmission along the axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Therefore, the neuron is the fundamental structure responsible for transmitting electrical impulses, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing. Option D is correct because it accurately describes the main functions of the Golgi apparatus. Option A is incorrect because the transport of proteins and lipids is primarily carried out by the endoplasmic reticulum. Option B is incorrect as the Golgi apparatus is not primarily for storing water and nutrients. Option C is incorrect because protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes, not the Golgi apparatus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and reabsorbing essential substances like water, salts, and nutrients back into the body. It consists of various components like the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule, each playing a specific role in the reabsorption process. The renal artery brings blood to the kidney for filtration by the nephron, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney. The glomerulus is a part of the nephron responsible for initial filtration of blood. Thus, the nephron is the correct structure for reabsorption, making choices A, B, and D incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Light energy from the sun. This is because photosynthesis, the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems. Sunlight is essential for plants to produce food, which then sustains the entire food chain. Choice A (Chemical energy stored in bonds) is incorrect because this energy is a product of photosynthesis and not the primary source entering ecosystems. Choice B (Thermal energy from the Earth's core) is incorrect as it is not a significant source of energy for most ecosystems. Choice D (Kinetic energy from wind and water) is also incorrect as it is not the primary source of energy entering ecosystems, although it can play a role in some ecosystems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lactic acid. When creatine phosphate is used as an energy source for short bursts of muscle activity, it is rapidly broken down into creatine and phosphate. The breakdown of creatine phosphate leads to the production of lactic acid through anaerobic glycolysis. Lactic acid accumulation causes muscle fatigue during intense exercise. A: Glucose is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Glucose is a common fuel for cellular respiration but is not directly produced from creatine phosphate breakdown. C: Carbon dioxide is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Carbon dioxide is produced during the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration, not from the breakdown of creatine phosphate. D: Creatine is not the breakdown product of creatine phosphate. Creatine is one of the compounds formed when creatine phosphate is broken down, but it is not the final breakdown product.