Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spinal cord. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system because it is located within the vertebral column and connects the brain to the rest of the body. It serves as a pathway for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral nerves (B) are not part of the central nervous system as they extend from the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. The brainstem (C) is also part of the central nervous system, but the question asks for a specific part, not a general one. The cerebellum (D) is located in the brain and is responsible for motor coordination, but it is not part of the central nervous system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. A: The atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and the ventricles - This is true for both the tricuspid valve (right side) and the mitral valve (left side). 2. B: The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk - This is accurate, as the pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery. 3. C: The atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract - This is true as the AV valves close to prevent backflow during ventricular contraction. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all the statements are correct and accurately describe heart valve anatomy and function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because anatomical terms use specific directions to describe relationships between body parts. In this case, "lateral" refers to the side of the body, so the thumb being on the lateral aspect of the hand is accurate. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow anatomical terminology standards. Choice A incorrectly compares the shoulder joint to the neck using proximity, not specific directional terms. Choice B uses "superior" incorrectly to describe the elbow joint in relation to the shoulder. Choice C inaccurately compares the thoracic and cervical vertebrae using the term "superior," which is not anatomically correct in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood to form urine. Step-by-step rationale: 1. The kidneys contain millions of tiny filtering units called nephrons. 2. Blood flows through the nephrons, where waste products are removed and urine is formed. 3. The urine then flows through the ureters to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Pancreas - produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar, not primarily involved in waste filtration. C: Liver - detoxifies chemicals, produces bile, and stores nutrients, but not the primary organ for blood filtration. D: Heart - pumps blood and circulates it throughout the body, not directly involved in waste filtration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ionic bond. In KCl, potassium (K) is a metal and chlorine (Cl) is a nonmetal. Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal through the transfer of electrons. In KCl, potassium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in the formation of K+ and Cl- ions, which are held together by electrostatic forces. Covalent bonds (choice B) involve the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals, which is not the case in KCl. Hydrogen bonds (choice C) occur between molecules with hydrogen and electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen, not between ionic compounds. Polar covalent bonds (choice D) involve unequal sharing of electrons between nonmetals, which is not the case in KCl where there is a complete transfer of electrons.