Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Recessive Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance follows the principles proposed by Gregor Mendel, where traits are determined by pairs of genes, with one being dominant and the other recessive. In recessive inheritance, an individual must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the trait. This type of inheritance follows Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. In contrast, incomplete dominance (A) shows blending of traits, polygenic alleles (B) involve multiple genes contributing to a single trait, and combination inheritance (C) is not a recognized term in Mendelian genetics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pyruvic acid. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions that result in the production of pyruvic acid, which is a crucial intermediate in cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid can then enter the citric acid cycle to further extract energy in the form of ATP. Rationale for other choices: A: ATP is produced during glycolysis, but it is not the end product. B: NADPH is not the end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis; it is a reducing agent used in various metabolic pathways. D: Oxygen is not directly produced as a result of glucose breakdown in glycolysis; oxygen is utilized in later stages of cellular respiration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular. The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting dissolved oxygen from the lungs to the spleen. Step 1: Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs during respiration. Step 2: Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream through the alveoli in the lungs. Step 3: The oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the heart to the spleen and other body tissues. The immune system (A) is responsible for fighting off infections, not oxygen transport. The endocrine system (B) regulates hormones, not oxygen transport. The respiratory system (C) is involved in the exchange of gases in the lungs but does not transport oxygen to the spleen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bile plays a crucial role in digestion by emulsifying fats. It breaks down large fat molecules into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to digest fats. This process aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as bile does not directly break down carbohydrates, neutralize stomach acid, or absorb proteins in digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Laryngopharynx. The laryngopharynx is part of the pharynx where both the respiratory and digestive systems intersect. It serves as a common passageway for both food and air. When we swallow, the epiglottis covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the trachea. A: The esophagus is solely a passageway for food from the mouth to the stomach. C: The nasopharynx is a part of the upper respiratory tract and not involved in the passage of food. D: The trachea is strictly a passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs.