ATI TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal vessel damage. High blood pressure can lead to damage in blood vessels throughout the body, including the kidneys. When blood vessels in the kidneys are affected, it can impair kidney function and potentially lead to kidney disease. Smoking (Choice A) and excessive dietary salt (Choice B) can contribute to high blood pressure but are not direct effects of high blood pressure itself. Older age (Choice D) is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure but is not a direct effect of high blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down proteins.' The primary function of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down proteins using gastric acid and enzymes. The stomach's acidic environment aids in protein digestion and prepares food for further processing in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach actually produces stomach acid to aid in digestion, not to neutralize it. Choice D is incorrect because regulating body temperature is not a primary function of the stomach within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine, where bile from the liver emulsifies fats for enzymatic digestion. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs. Proteins, on the other hand, are mainly digested in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin under acidic conditions. The stomach's acidic environment helps denature proteins, making them more accessible to pepsin for digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the primary sites of fat and protein digestion in the human digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. They help prevent excessive bleeding by forming clots at the site of blood vessel injuries. Platelets release chemicals that initiate the clotting process, leading to the formation of a stable clot that stops bleeding. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body and do not play a direct role in clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system, fighting off infections and foreign invaders. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, and waste products, but it is not directly involved in clotting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart. It contracts involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring circulation. Smooth muscle is typically found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, aiding in their functions. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and plays a vital role in movement and posture. Voluntary muscle is a general term for skeletal muscles that are under conscious control, unlike cardiac muscle which contracts involuntarily to maintain the heart's continuous pumping action.