ATI TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Walking. Walking is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Walking is a voluntary action governed by the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, regulates functions that are involuntary, such as digestion, heartbeat, and temperature regulation. Choices A, C, and D are all functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Digestion involves processes like peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes, heartbeat is regulated by the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and circulation, and temperature regulation includes responses like sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature within a narrow range.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irregular bones. The spine and hips belong to the category of irregular bones. Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into other bone type categories. These bones serve functions such as support and protection, and their shapes vary depending on their specific roles in the body. Choice A, curved bones, is incorrect because bones like ribs are typically described as curved, not the spine and hips. Choice C, flat bones, is incorrect as flat bones include the skull and ribs, but not the spine and hips. Choice D, long bones, is also incorrect because long bones include bones like the femur and humerus, which are elongated with a shaft and distinct ends, unlike the spine and hips.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It works by providing an alternate pathway for the reaction to occur, lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to proceed. As a result, more reactant molecules can overcome this energy barrier and participate in the reaction, leading to a faster overall reaction rate. This explanation contradicts choices B, C, and D as a catalyst does not slow down, reverse, or prevent a reaction; instead, it accelerates the reaction by facilitating a more efficient route for the reaction to take place. Therefore, the correct answer is that a catalyst speeds up the reaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier against external factors. The dermis is situated beneath the epidermis and contains structures like blood vessels and hair follicles. Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, lies below the dermis and consists mainly of fat tissue, serving functions such as insulation and energy storage. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the outermost layer of the skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In acute appendicitis, nonpregnant patients with normal anatomy commonly experience pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The pain usually starts around the umbilicus or epigastric area and then migrates to the right lower quadrant as inflammation progresses in the appendix. This classic migration of pain is known as McBurney's point tenderness and is a key clinical feature in diagnosing appendicitis.