ATI TEAS Science Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The primary immune response is slower and less powerful compared to the secondary immune response. During the primary response, immune cells encounter the antigen for the first time, necessitating the activation and proliferation of specific immune cells. In contrast, the secondary response benefits from memory cells that quickly recognize the antigen, enabling a faster and more potent immune response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While macrophages play a role in presenting antigens to T cells, this is not a defining difference between primary and secondary responses. Humoral immunity involves B lymphocytes in both primary and secondary responses, so it does not differentiate the two. Suppressor T cells primarily function to regulate the immune response but are not a key factor distinguishing primary from secondary responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive fluid produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and it aids in the digestion of fats by emulsifying them. Emulsification helps to break down fats into smaller particles, facilitating their digestion by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because bile is not produced in the pancreas, and it is not stored in the liver. Choice C is incorrect as bile is not produced in the stomach, and it does not neutralize acid. Choice D is also incorrect as bile is not produced in the gallbladder, and its primary function is not to break down proteins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The respiratory system's primary functions include delivering oxygen (O2) to the body's cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pH. These functions are crucial for gas exchange and the overall metabolic processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as the respiratory system primarily delivers O2, not nutrients, and removes CO2, not delivering it. Choice C is incorrect as while the respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by removing CO2, it does not primarily deliver nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as it combines the functions of delivering O2 and nutrients, which are distinct roles of different systems in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Synergists are muscles that assist the primary movers (agonists) in completing specific movements (I). Additionally, they stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, aiding in movement efficiency (II). While synergists may contribute to stability, their primary role is to assist in movement rather than prevent unwanted movement at a joint; hence, options I and II offer the most accurate descriptions of their function. Choice B is incorrect because synergists do not primarily help prevent unwanted movement at a joint (III). Choice C is incorrect as it combines stabilization of the point of origin and preventing unwanted movement, which is not the primary function of synergists.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, continuous capillaries. Continuous capillaries are the most common and least permeable type of capillary. They are found in most tissues, including muscle and the nervous system. Continuous capillaries have a continuous endothelium without fenestrations or large gaps, which limits the movement of substances across their walls. Choice A, fenestrated capillaries, have pores (fenestrations) in their endothelial cells, making them more permeable than continuous capillaries. Choice B, sinusoidal capillaries, have a discontinuous endothelium with large gaps between cells, making them more permeable and allowing larger molecules and cells to pass through compared to continuous capillaries. Choice D, discontinuous capillaries, are similar to sinusoidal capillaries with a discontinuous endothelium, allowing for enhanced permeability compared to continuous capillaries.