TEAS Practice Test Science

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis is the process where water molecules move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. This is driven by the concentration gradient of water molecules. Choice A is incorrect because osmosis does not involve movement against the concentration gradient. Choice C is incorrect as osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not solutes. Choice D is incorrect as osmosis involves the movement of water molecules, not large molecules.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Takes shape of container. Liquids do not have a fixed shape but take the shape of the container they are in due to the particles being able to flow and move past each other. Choice A is incorrect as liquids have moderate atomic attraction, not high. Choice B is incorrect as liquids have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. Choice C is incorrect as liquids can have varying pressures depending on the conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactic acid and CO2. During anaerobic respiration in humans, glucose is broken down into lactic acid and a small amount of CO2. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen, typically during high-intensity exercise when oxygen supply is limited. Lactic acid buildup causes muscle fatigue. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Ethyl alcohol and CO2 - This is the byproduct of fermentation in yeast, not human anaerobic respiration. B: Ethyl alcohol only - Ethyl alcohol is not produced during human anaerobic respiration. D: Lactic acid only - While lactic acid is indeed produced during anaerobic respiration in humans, a small amount of CO2 is also generated as a byproduct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball-and-socket joint. This joint allows for a wide range of motion due to its structure where a rounded end of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone. The shoulder and hip joints are prime examples of ball-and-socket joints, enabling movements in multiple directions. A: Hinge joints, like the elbow, allow movement in one plane. C: Pivot joints, like the neck, allow rotational movement. D: Saddle joints, like the thumb, allow for various movements but not the same wide range as ball-and-socket joints.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventilation. Ventilation specifically refers to the mechanical act of breathing, which involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs. This process is essential for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. A: Diffusion is the process of molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. While diffusion plays a role in gas exchange during respiration, it is not the mechanical act of breathing itself. B: Perfusion refers to the process of blood flow through the tissues. Although perfusion is vital for delivering oxygen to the body's cells, it is not the mechanical act of breathing. C: Respiration encompasses the entire process of gas exchange in the body, including both ventilation and the exchange of gases at the cellular level. While respiration is closely related to breathing, it is not specifically the mechanical act of breathing.