Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroxine. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism by controlling the rate at which cells use energy. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, not metabolism. Melatonin is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is involved in the fight or flight response and does not directly regulate metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation. It plays a crucial role in fear and pleasure responses. It also helps in memory consolidation of emotional events. The other choices, B: Cerebellum, C: Hypothalamus, and D: Pons, do not primarily govern emotions and motivation. The cerebellum is mainly involved in motor control, the hypothalamus regulates basic functions like hunger and thirst, and the pons controls sleep and arousal. Therefore, the amygdala is the correct answer for its specific role in emotions and motivation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jejunum. The jejunum is the primary site of absorption in the small intestine due to its extensive surface area, presence of villi and microvilli that increase absorption capacity, and higher blood supply compared to other regions. It is where most nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are absorbed. The duodenum (A) is mainly responsible for initial digestion, the ileum (C) absorbs bile salts, vitamin B12, and some nutrients, and the cecum (D) is part of the large intestine and is not involved in nutrient absorption.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. Regulating body temperature is primarily controlled by the skin and sweat glands, not the kidneys (choice A). While the kidneys do produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin, their primary function is waste filtration, not hormone production (choice C). Transporting oxygen is primarily the role of the respiratory and circulatory systems, not the kidneys (choice D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is the correct answer because it is a genetic condition that primarily affects the respiratory system by causing mucus buildup in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and recurrent lung infections. This condition is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Asthma (A) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways but is not a genetic disorder. Mycosis (C) refers to fungal infections and does not specifically affect the respiratory system. Surfactant Deficiency (D) is a condition where insufficient surfactant is produced in the lungs, leading to respiratory distress in newborns, but it is not primarily a genetic condition affecting the respiratory system.