TEAS 7 Science Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: neuromuscular junction. This is where nerve impulses travel to release neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, to stimulate muscle contraction. The sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction, not the location of neurotransmitter release. Tendons connect muscles to bones and do not involve neurotransmitter release. The myelin sheath is a protective layer around nerves and is not directly involved in neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: left atrium. During pulmonary circulation, oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart. This oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary veins and specifically flows into the left atrium. The left atrium then contracts to push this oxygen-rich blood into the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body. Summary: - B: right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, not the lungs. - C: left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium, not directly from the lungs. - D: right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, not receive blood from the lungs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antibodies. Adaptive immunity involves the body's ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to these specific pathogens, providing targeted defense. In contrast, choices A and B (inflammation and fever) are examples of innate immunity, which are non-specific responses to pathogens. Choice D, phagocytosis, is a component of both innate and adaptive immunity, involving the engulfment and destruction of pathogens by immune cells. However, antibodies represent a key feature of adaptive immunity by specifically targeting and neutralizing pathogens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Progesterone is not responsible for the expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as enlarged breasts. Progesterone's main functions in the female reproductive system are to regulate and prepare the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential pregnancy, inhibit contractions of the uterus as the ovum is released, and stimulate milk production in the breasts. Enlarged breasts are primarily influenced by estrogen, another hormone in the female reproductive system. Thus, A is the correct answer as it does not align with the known functions of progesterone.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct term as it refers to the rhythmic muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. First, the circular muscles contract behind the food bolus, pushing it forward. Then, the longitudinal muscles contract, shortening the tract and pushing the food further. This process continues in a wave-like fashion, aiding in digestion. A: Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into smaller molecules. B: Deglutition is the process of swallowing food. C: Defecation is the elimination of waste from the body. Therefore, peristalsis is the correct term as it specifically describes the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system.