Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pyruvic acid. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions that result in the production of pyruvic acid, which is a crucial intermediate in cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid can then enter the citric acid cycle to further extract energy in the form of ATP. Rationale for other choices: A: ATP is produced during glycolysis, but it is not the end product. B: NADPH is not the end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis; it is a reducing agent used in various metabolic pathways. D: Oxygen is not directly produced as a result of glucose breakdown in glycolysis; oxygen is utilized in later stages of cellular respiration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the pericardium is actually a double-walled sac around the heart, not a single-walled layer. The outer layer is the fibrous pericardium, and the inner layer is the serous pericardium. Choice A is correct because the pericardial fluid between the layers reduces friction. Choice C is also correct because the pericardium helps prevent overfilling of the heart. Choice D is correct as well, as the pericardium does protect and anchor the heart. Therefore, the only incorrect statement is B, as the pericardium is not a single-walled layer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for activating the 'fight or flight' response in situations of stress or danger. It triggers physiological changes such as increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, and release of adrenaline. The central nervous system (A) includes the brain and spinal cord but doesn't directly control this response. The peripheral nervous system (B) includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord but doesn't specifically regulate 'fight or flight'. The autonomic nervous system (C) includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, with the sympathetic division being the one involved in the 'fight or flight' response.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Type O. Type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, making it compatible with all blood types. As a result, it can be safely transfused to individuals with any blood type, earning it the title of the universal donor. Choice A (Type A) has A antigens, Choice B (Type B) has B antigens, and Choice C (Type AB) has both A and B antigens, making them not suitable for universal donation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water to form solid waste (A). It also houses beneficial bacteria that produce vitamin K, essential for blood clotting and bone health (B). Additionally, the large intestine is involved in the absorption of some vitamin B compounds produced by gut bacteria (C). Thus, all the functions listed (A, B, C) are carried out by the large intestine. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions performed by the large intestine.