Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter blood and produce urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine, which helps maintain the body's balance of fluids and electrolytes. This process is essential for regulating blood pressure, producing hormones, and maintaining overall bodily function. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the kidneys are not involved in digesting food, absorbing nutrients, or transporting oxygen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Sulfur (atomic number 16) typically has 16 protons and 16 electrons in a neutral state. A negative ion gains an electron, so it would have 16 protons, 16 neutrons, and 17 electrons to maintain charge neutrality. Therefore, choice B (16 neutrons, 17 electrons) is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not account for the addition of an extra electron in the negative ion, resulting in an incorrect number of electrons.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucose. Glucose is a monosaccharide because it is a single sugar molecule, the simplest form of carbohydrates. Starch (A) is a polysaccharide made up of multiple glucose units. Cellulose (C) is also a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide. Sucrose (D) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose molecules. So, only glucose (B) fits the definition of a monosaccharide in this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iron (II). In heme, the central cation is Iron (II) because it forms a coordination complex with the porphyrin ring. Iron (II) has a +2 charge, allowing it to bind to the nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin ring. This binding is crucial for the proper functioning of heme in carrying oxygen in hemoglobin. Choice A (Cr III) is incorrect because chromium (III) does not typically bind to porphyrin rings in heme. Choice B (Cu II) is incorrect because copper (II) is not commonly found at the center of heme. Choice D (Iron III) is incorrect because in heme, iron is usually in the +2 oxidation state to efficiently bind and release oxygen. Iron (III) is not as effective in this role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid through a series of enzymatic reactions in the cytoplasm. This process involves multiple steps including phosphorylation, isomerization, cleavage, and oxidation. Glycogenesis (choice A) is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose, not the breakdown. Glycogenolysis (choice C) is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, not the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid. Gluconeogenesis (choice D) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, not the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid.