Practice TEAS Science Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To regulate blood glucose. The adrenal glands secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. Cortisol helps increase blood glucose when needed, while adrenaline helps release stored glucose for energy in fight-or-flight situations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A is more related to the thyroid gland, B is produced by the liver, and C is primarily done by the bone marrow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pia mater. Pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer that is a thin membrane containing nerves and blood vessels. It directly covers the brain and spinal cord, supplying nourishment to the underlying cells. Arachnoid mater (A) is the middle meningeal layer that does not contain nerves and blood vessels. Dura mater (B) is the tough outermost layer that does not supply nourishment. Periosteum (C) is a connective tissue covering bones, not the meninges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. When skin is exposed to sunlight, it triggers the production of Vitamin D in the body. Sunlight activates a form of cholesterol in the skin, which then converts to Vitamin D through a series of chemical reactions. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not produced by sunlight but is found in foods like carrots. Vitamin K (Choice C) is involved in blood clotting and bone health but is not produced by sunlight. Vitamin E (Choice D) is an antioxidant found in foods like nuts and seeds, not produced through sun exposure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air we breathe passes into the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli to be exhaled. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Trachea is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs, but gas exchange does not occur there. C: Bronchioles are small air passages that branch off the bronchi, leading air to the alveoli, but they are not the site of gas exchange. D: Diaphragm is a muscle that helps with breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity, but it is not directly involved in gas exchange.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ATP energy. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, the primary energy source for cellular activities. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP through a series of metabolic reactions. Oxygen (choice A) is required for cellular respiration but is not an end product. Carbon dioxide (choice C) is a byproduct of cellular respiration, not an end product. Water (choice D) is not directly produced as an end product of cellular respiration. Thus, choice B is the correct answer as ATP energy is the main end product generated from cellular respiration.