ATI TEAS 7 Science

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and reabsorbing essential substances like water, salts, and nutrients back into the body. It consists of various components like the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule, each playing a specific role in the reabsorption process. The renal artery brings blood to the kidney for filtration by the nephron, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney. The glomerulus is a part of the nephron responsible for initial filtration of blood. Thus, the nephron is the correct structure for reabsorption, making choices A, B, and D incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Storing bile (A) is the role of the gallbladder, digesting proteins (C) is primarily done by the stomach and small intestine, and absorbing nutrients (D) mainly occurs in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Sunscreen protects the skin by absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat. This process prevents the UV rays from penetrating the skin and causing damage. Reflecting UV rays (A) would not be as effective as absorbing them. Blocking UV rays completely (C) is not possible with sunscreen. Stimulating melanin production (D) is not the main mechanism of how sunscreen works to protect the skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ecology. Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It focuses on the interactions between living organisms and their surroundings. Zoology (A) is the study of animals, Botany (B) is the study of plants, and Genetics (D) is the study of genes and heredity, which are not directly related to the relationships between organisms and their environment. Therefore, Ecology is the most appropriate choice for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because polygenic inheritance refers to a trait that is influenced by multiple genes working together to produce a single phenotype. In contrast, pleiotropy occurs when a single gene has multiple effects on different traits. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the difference in the genetic basis of these phenomena. The other choices are incorrect because they either misinterpret the definitions of polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy (B and C) or provide vague statements without accurately distinguishing between the two concepts (D). The key to selecting the correct answer lies in understanding the fundamental genetic mechanisms underlying polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy.