Practice Science TEAS Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arteries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart because they have thick, muscular walls that can withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries, not the main vessels carrying blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood back to the heart, while venules are small vessels that collect blood from capillaries. Thus, the correct choice is arteries as they are specifically designed to carry blood away from the heart with their unique structure and function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cerebrum. The cerebrum is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements as it houses the motor cortex, which is involved in planning, executing, and coordinating voluntary movements. It receives and processes sensory information and sends out motor commands. The cerebellum (B) mainly coordinates balance, posture, and fine motor movements, not voluntary muscle movements. The medulla oblongata (C) controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate, not voluntary muscle control. The thalamus (D) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly involved in controlling voluntary muscle movements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cytokinesis refers to the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, specifically following the separation of chromosomes. This process results in two daughter cells being formed. The correct answer is B because it accurately describes the final step in cell division where the cytoplasm is divided to complete the formation of two separate daughter cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically pertain to the process of cytokinesis. Choice A refers to the division of the nucleus, which is known as mitosis. Choice C refers to the separation of chromosomes, which is part of the earlier stages of cell division. Choice D refers to the formation of spindle fibers, which are involved in chromosome movement during mitosis but not directly related to cytokinesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport food from the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus serves as a muscular tube that carries chewed food (bolus) from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions. It does not absorb nutrients (A), break down food (C), or absorb water (D). Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, food breakdown begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine, and water absorption happens mainly in the large intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucose. Glucose is a monosaccharide because it is a single sugar molecule, the simplest form of carbohydrates. Starch (A) is a polysaccharide made up of multiple glucose units. Cellulose (C) is also a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide. Sucrose (D) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose molecules. So, only glucose (B) fits the definition of a monosaccharide in this question.