HESI A2 Version 1 Anatomy and Physiology

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hormones are the correct answer. Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they regulate various physiological processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit information, glands produce and release hormones, and second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Simple columnar epitheliumā€"secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where secretion or absorption is the primary function, such as the lining of the intestines. This type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells that are well suited for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is more associated with diffusion due to its thin structure allowing for easy movement of molecules through it. Stratified squamous epithelium is designed to protect underlying tissues and is not primarily involved in diffusion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, diffusion. Diffusion is the process by which oxygen moves from an area of high concentration (in the air) to an area of low concentration (in the blood) through the alveoli in the lungs. Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane, not oxygen molecules. Dissipation refers to the dispersal or scattering of something. Reverse osmosis is a process used in water purification, which is not relevant to the transport of oxygen in the lungs.