HESI A2
HESI A2 Version 1 Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve tissue is made up of neurons that transmit signals and neuroglia cells that support and protect the neurons. Neuroglia cells play a crucial role in providing structural support, insulation, and nutrients to neurons. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small arteries that carry blood away from the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, Neuroglia.
Question 2 of 5
A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together that form a protective barrier on internal and external body surfaces. The description in the question matches the characteristics of epithelial tissue found lining the internal surface of organs like the stomach. This type of tissue lacks blood vessels and typically does not contain an extracellular matrix, which is a defining feature of connective tissue. Muscle tissue is composed of cells capable of contraction and relaxation, while cartilage is a type of connective tissue consisting of specialized cells embedded in a matrix.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell specialized in producing and secreting antibodies. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are vital components of the immune system that help recognize and neutralize pathogens. When the body encounters an antigen, plasma cells are activated to produce and secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Therefore, plasma cells are the correct answer as they are specifically designed to produce and secrete antibodies to fight infections.
Question 4 of 5
What is the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Simple columnar epitheliumā€"secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where secretion or absorption is the primary function, such as the lining of the intestines. This type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells that are well suited for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is more associated with diffusion due to its thin structure allowing for easy movement of molecules through it. Stratified squamous epithelium is designed to protect underlying tissues and is not primarily involved in diffusion.